Benoit Chassaing
Institut Cochin
Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
Website: https://www.chassainglab.com/
ORCID: 0000-0002-4285-769X
Twitter: @BenoitChassaing
Our central research interest is to determine the role played by the microbiota in health and disease, with a focus on chronic inflammatory diseases.
Axis 1: Environmental factors-mediated modulation of the intestinal microbiota.
We are studying various environmental factors holding the ability to impact the intestinal microbiota. We have previously reported that dietary emulsifiers, highly used by the food industry, are able to detrimentally alter the intestinal microbiota, characterized by an increased ability to penetrate the normally protective mucus layer and an increase pro-inflammatory potential. We reported that the consumption of emulsifying agent is sufficient to induce intestinal inflammation that will manifest as chronic colitis in genetically susceptible host. Moreover, in unimpaired host, such food additives are inducing the development of metabolic syndrome characterized by diabetes and an increase in body weight, as well as by an increased susceptibility to colonic carcinogenesis. We are currently working on the mechanisms beyond these observations, especially the identification and characterization of microbiota members driving emulsifier susceptibility.
Axis 2: Immunity / microbiota relationship in health and disease
We have studied for many years how the host is controlling the intestinal microbiota in order to keep it under control and at a proper/safe distance from the intestinal mucosa. We have for example demonstrated that the flagellin receptor TLR5 is playing a central role in keeping the intestinal microbiota under control. Animals lacking the TLR5 receptor develop intestinal inflammation that can manifest with the development of chronic colitis or metabolic syndrome. In the liver, we have demonstrated that TLR5 is playing an important protective role during western-style diet consumption. We are pursuing these efforts in order to better understand immune system / microbiota relationship within the gastrointestinal tract.
Axis 3: Modulation of the intestinal microbiota using pre- and pro-biotics approaches
While our research is mainly focusing on detrimental impacts of the microbiota, our expertise in this field of research, our data-set of identified detrimental bacteria and metabolites, as well as the numerous animal models available in the laboratory lead us to work on the development of tools aiming to beneficially alter the intestinal microbiota.
Top 5 publications
1- Shi Z, Zou J, Zhang Z, Noriega J, Zhang B, Plemper R, Zhao C, Bitinger K, Mattei L, Dermody T, Chassaing B, Gewirtz AT. Segmented filamentous bacteria prevent and cures rotavirus infection. Cell, 2019 179(3):644-658.e13.
2- Viennois E, Bretin A, Dubé PE, Maue AC, Barnich N, Gewirtz AT, Chassaing B. Dietary emulsifiers directly impact adherent-invasive E. coli gene expression to drive chronic intestinal inflammation. Cell reports, 2020;33(1):108229.
3- Naimi S, Viennois E, Gewirtz AT, Chassaing B. Direct impact of commonly used dietary emulsifiers on human gut microbiota. Microbiome, 2021;9(1):66.
4- Delaroque C, Chervy M, Chassaing B. Social stress induces metabolic deregulations and intestinal inflammation in a microbiota dependent manner. Gut Microbes, 2021; 13(1): 2000275.
5- Chassaing B, Compher C, Bonhomme B, Liu Q, Walters W, Nessel L, Gershuni V, Chau L, Ni J, Bewtra M, Albenberg L, Bretin A, McKeever W, Ley RE, Patterson A, Wu G, Gewirtz AT, Lewis J. Randomized controlled-feeding study of dietary emulsifier carboxymethylcellulose reveals detrimental impacts on the gut microbiota and metabolome. Gastroenterology 2022; 162(3):743-756
Dernières publications sur HAL :
- [hal-04420996] Impact of concurrent training (HIIT + RT) on body composition and gut microbiota in postmenopausal women with...by ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marine Dupuit) on 27 January 2024 at 10h30
This communication is an oral presentation about a published paper entitled " Impact of concurrent training (HIIT + RT) on body composition and gut […]
- [hal-03774131] A 90-day Oral Exposure to Food-grade Gold at Relevant Human Doses Impacts the Gut Microbiota and the Local Immune...by ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lauris Evariste) on 11 January 2024 at 14h52
Background: Edible gold (Au) is commonly used as a food additive (E175 in EU) for confectionery and cake decorations, coatings and in beverages. […]
- [hal-03775382] Effets d’une exposition alimentaire, périnatale et chronique alimentaire, à des doses réglementaires de...by ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lorraine Smith) on 12 September 2022 at 14h55
Contexte Le glyphosate est l’herbicide le plus utilisé au monde. L’exposition des consommateurs au glyphosate est principalement alimentaire et […]
- [hal-03775223] Mice exposed to food-grade titanium dioxide from in utero life to adulthood show sex-specific gut microbiota and...by ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lauris Evariste) on 12 September 2022 at 13h58
Background: Food additives are one major hallmark of ultra-processed food in the Western diet, a food habit often associated with metabolic […]